Observation of a refractive index line shape in ultrafast XUV transient absorption spectroscopy

Observation of refractive index line shape in ultrafast XUV transient absorption spectroscopy
Experimentally measured XUV deflection at different gas pressures. (A to C) XUV deflection spectra for backing pressures of 3 bar (A), 5 bar (B), and 8 bar (C), the gas jet was fixed at y= −0.1 mm. A narrow feature with small deflection can be seen at high pressures. (D to F) XUV spectra after applying intensity normalization along the deflection angle axis. (G) The deflection angle at the maximum intensity as a function of photon energy. The deflection has a typical dispersive line shape at 3 bar, while an additional shoulder structure appears at 5 bar; the shoulder structure becomes more obvious when the pressure increases to 8 bar. Credit: Ultrafast Science

Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the dynamics of atoms and molecules with attosecond time resolution. However, conventional XUV absorption measurements only provide information about the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, which is related to the absorption coefficient. The real part of the refractive index, which describes the chromatic dispersion of the material, is usually inaccessible.

In a new study published in Ultrafast Science, Mingze Sun et al. have demonstrated a novel method to measure the refractive index line shape in ultrafast XUV transient absorption spectroscopy. They used a scheme where the XUV pulse traverses the target gas jet off-center, which induces deflection on the XUV radiation due to the density gradient of the jet. By measuring the frequency-dependent XUV deflection spectra, they were able to reproduce the refractive index line profile.

The researchers also showed that they could control the refractive index line shape by introducing a later-arrived near-infrared pulse to modify the phase of the XUV free induction decay, resulting in different XUV deflection spectra. This technique allowed them to manipulate the matter response to the XUV light field and explore new physical phenomena.

The study reveals new insights into matter-induced absorption and deflection in ultrafast XUV spectroscopy. The real refractive index and the absorption index may be measured simultaneously, which provides a full picture of a material’s linear response to incident light.

More information:
Mingze Sun et al, Observation of Refractive Index Line Shape in Ultrafast XUV Transient Absorption Spectroscopy, Ultrafast Science (2023). DOI: 10.34133/ultrafastscience.0029

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Ultrafast Science

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Observation of a refractive index line shape in ultrafast XUV transient absorption spectroscopy (2023, July 26)
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