Label-free intraoperative histopathology of surgical specimen

Cancer diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology by removing a part of the tissue in question after conducting imaging tests such as MRI, CT, ultrasound, or endoscopy. Based on this clinical diagnosis, the cancerous tissue is surgically removed and suspected tissues or lymph nodes are additionally examined. Future treatment plans, chemotherapy, and radiation are formulated based on these results. Recently, a research team led by POSTECH and Gachon University College of Medicine has developed a machine learning-based histopathology method.

A research team led by Professor Chulhong Kim (POSTECH’s Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering) in collaboration with researchers from Gachon University College of Medicine has developed a machine learning-based label-free histopathology device that can perform histopathology in real-time. The device avoids complicated procedures such as freezing, sectioning, or staining by using the ultraviolet (UV) photoacoustic imaging technology (UV-MEMS PAM) that converges ultra-high-speed MEMS scanner technology. This study was selected as the inside front cover paper in the September issue of Laser and Photonics Reviews.

During cancer resection surgery, histopathologic examination is essential to confirm the site of the tumor. Frozen-section testing has been conventionally used to carry out the examination, but due to its complicated process, it can prolong surgery and potentially cause interpretation errors.

To overcome these shortcomings, the research team proposed a high-speed reflection-mode UV photoacoustic microscopy system using the 1-axis MEMS scanner as a novel label-free intraoperative histopathology method. The researchers succeeded in visualizing label-free cell nuclei of mouse and human tissues using this approach. In addition, by imaging clinical specimens resected from actual cancer patients and numerically quantifying the histopathologic results, the research team successfully demonstrated that the proposed UV-PAM system has great potential as an alternative intraoperative histopathology method.

Photoacoustic imaging not only enables three-dimensional imaging without an independent contrast agent, but also combines the advantages of both high-resolution optical imaging with the ultrasound imaging that can achieve structural and functional imaging of small cells and living tissues all the way to large organs. The microscope developed this time uses a high-speed MEMS scanner to significantly improve the imaging speed.

“The microscope developed in this study is new in that it distinguishes normal tissues from cancer tissues by performing photoacoustic histopathology on cancer tissues excised from actual cancer patients, and quantifying the pathological microstructures,” explained Professor Chulhong Kim of POSTECH. “This microscopy system is anticipated to dramatically cut down on the time it takes for biopsies during surgery, and to increase the stability and reliability of surgery and treatment.”

Provided by
Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)